Thus there are four types of pupillary light reflexes, based on this terminology of absolute laterality (left versus right) and relative laterality (same side versus opposite side, ipsilateral versus contralateral, direct versus consensual): A consensual pupillary reflex is response of a pupil to light that enters the contralateral (opposite) eye. A direct pupillary reflex is pupillary response to light that enters the ipsilateral (same) eye. The terms direct and consensual refers to the side where the light source comes from, relative to the side of the reacting pupil. When light is shone into only one eye and not the other, it is normal for both pupils to constrict simultaneously. Right pupillary reflex means reaction of the right pupil, whether light is shone into the left eye, right eye, or both eyes. Left pupillary reflex refers to the response of the left pupil to light, regardless of which eye is exposed to a light source. Pupillary reflex is conceptually linked to the side (left or right) of the reacting pupil, and not to the side from which light stimulation originates.
Pupillary reflex is synonymous with pupillary response, which may be pupillary constriction or dilation. Whereas, the pupil is the passive opening formed by the active iris. It may be helpful to consider the Pupillary reflex as an ' Iris' reflex, as the iris sphincter and dilator muscles are what can be seen responding to ambient light. By analogy with a camera, the pupil is equivalent to aperture, whereas the iris is equivalent to the diaphragm. The pupil is the dark circular opening in the center of the iris and is where light enters the eye.
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